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The Carbon Family From Graphite to Graphene
A plain-language map of the structural forms of carbon, from diamond and graphite to graphene, nanotubes, fullerenes and amorphous carbon, and what separates them.
Carbon And Hard Materials
Carbon Family
Graphite, graphene, nanotubes, carbon fiber and other forms of carbon.
Activated Carbon and Porous Carbon Materials
How the pore structure of activated carbon gives it an enormous internal surface, and why that makes it useful for filtration, adsorption and related porous carbons.
Carbon Fiber Production and Typical Uses
How precursor fibers are stabilized and carbonized into strong, light carbon fiber, and where carbon fiber reinforced composites are typically used.
Carbon Nanotubes in Materials Engineering
The structure of carbon nanotubes and how they are used as additives and reinforcements in polymers, coatings and electrodes, with realistic limits.
Carbon-Carbon Composites for Brakes and Heat Shields
Why carbon fiber embedded in a carbon matrix keeps its strength at extreme temperatures, how it is made, and where it is used in brakes and heat shields.
Diamond-Like Carbon Compared With True Diamond
How amorphous diamond-like carbon coatings resemble and differ from crystalline diamond films in hardness, friction, temperature limits, cost and typical uses.
Fullerenes and Nanodiamonds in Context
What fullerene cage molecules are, what nanodiamond particles are, how the two relate within the carbon family, and where each is studied or used.
Graphene Explained With Realistic Uses
What single-layer graphene offers, from strength and conductivity to flexibility, which uses are real today, and where expectations have outrun practice.
Industrial Graphite as Lubricant, Electrode and Refractory
How graphite's layered structure makes it a dry lubricant, an electrode and a refractory material, with notes on natural versus synthetic graphite and its limits.
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